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    The Computer Audiophile

    Geek Speak: Raspberry Pi HiFi Is Here

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    Over the years I've researched countless software and hardware combinations, based on the Raspberry Pi, for use in HiFi audio systems. I'm not alone. Audiophiles all over the world have been trying to squeeze every ounce of audio quality from the device since its release in February 2012. During the early attempts it was "nerd city" with massive tweaking and lackluster results. Now, with the Raspberry Pi 2 Model B, the right software, and a few optional add-ons, audiophiles have a simple solution for HiFi sound starting at around $50.

     

    After publishing the previous CA Geek Speak article with instructions for using a Beaglebone Black as a UPnP renderer, I noticed many user comments seeking additional features. Members of the CA Community asked for WiFi, Spotify, and different audio output options among other things. Satisfying these needs wasn't possible with the hardware limitations of the Beaglebone Black. Thus, I went back to the Raspberry Pi platform and pieced together three different solutions for bit perfect playback.[PRBREAK][/PRBREAK]

     

    1) Raspberry Pi board with high quality digital audio output via coaxial RCA or optical TosLink.

    2) Raspberry Pi board with high quality analog audio output via RCA.

    3) Raspberry Pi board with high quality USB audio output or HDMI output

     

    All three devices can support gapless wired or wireless audio playback up through 24 bit / 192 kHz. The USB output can support higher sample rates including DSD. The HDMI output currently passes all audio out at 48 kHz. I believe a software fix is in the works for this HDMI limitation.

     

    The software used for all three devices is called Volumio. Volumio offers terrific features and a nice user interface. Here are some features:

     

    Supports accessing music stored on a NAS or USB drive

    Supports UPnP / DLNA / openHome as a media renderer

    Supports Spotify with a Premium Account

    Supports HiFiBerry audio hardware add-ons such as the DAC+ and Digi+ without manual file edits

    Supports USB audio output without pops, ticks, and other issues commonly found with the Raspberry Pi

    Supports AirPlay as an audio receiver

    Supports the Wi-Pi 802.11n (2.4 GHz) wireless adapter

     

     

     

    Requirements

     

    Device 1 - Digital audio output via coaxial RCA or optical TosLink

     

    Raspberry Pi 2 Model B $35.00

    Power Supply (5v 2a) $7.75

    microSD Card $8.91

    HiFiBerry Digi+ w/ output transformer $37.50

    Volumio Software $0

    Wi-Pi USB Wireless Card $9.69 (optional)

    USB microSD Card Reader $5.95 (optional)

    Win32 Disk Image $0 (Windows users only)

     

    Device-1.png

     

     

     

     

     

    Device 2 - Analog audio output via RCA

     

    Raspberry Pi 2 Model B $35.00

    Power Supply (5v 2a) $7.75

    microSD Card $8.91

    HiFiBerry DAC+ $32

    Volumio Software $0

    Wi-Pi USB Wireless Card $9.69 (optional)

    USB microSD Card Reader $5.95 (optional)

    Win32 Disk Image $0 (Windows users only)

     

    Device-2.png

     

     

     

     

     

    Device 3 - USB or HDMI output

     

    Raspberry Pi 2 Model B $35.00

    Power Supply (5v 2a) $7.75

    microSD Card $8.91

    Volumio Software $0

    Wi-Pi USB Wireless Card $9.69 (optional)

    USB microSD Card Reader $5.95 (optional)

    Win32 Disk Image $0 (Windows users only)

     

    Device-3.png

     

     

     

     

    Step-By-Step Instructions

     

    Almost all the instructions are identical for all three devices. Here are the instructions that are the same for all devices, followed by specific instructions for each device as needed.

     

     

     

    Step-By-Step Mac OS X (All Devices)

     

     

    - Connect the MicroSD card to the computer

    - Open Disk Utility (Applications > Utilities > Disk Utility), select select all volumes under the MicroSD card, then select Unmount. In my example the volume is named 8GB. (Image Link ex.png)

    - Download the image file from Volumio (HERE ex.png).

    - Double-click the downloaded preconfigured image file named Volumio1.55PI.img.zip. This will automatically extract the image file named Volumio1.55PI.img

    - Open the Terminal app (Applications > Utilities > Terminal)

    - Type -> sudo su (without the arrow ->)

    - Enter your password if asked.

    - Type -> diskutil list

    - Take note of the disk number of the MicroSD card connected to your computer. My MicroSD card is listed as /dev/disk1. The MicroSD card should be easily identifiable by its small size. My MicroSD card is listed as 7.9 GB (Image Link ex.png)

    - Type -> sudo dd if=

    - Drag the Volumio image file named Volumio1.55PI.img on to the Terminal window to automatically fill in the path to the file. You can also type this in manually if desired.

    - After dropping the image file on to the Terminal window the command line should read something like this >> sudo dd if=/Users/chris/Desktop/Volumio1.55PI.img.

    - Make sure there is a single space after the path to the Volumio image file named Volumio1.55PI.img entered in the previous steps.

    - Type -> of=

    - Then enter the disk number of your MicroSD card. In my case this is /dev/disk1

    - The text should look something like this of=/dev/disk1.

    - Make sure there is a single space after the path to your MicroSD card entered in the previous steps.

    - Type -> bs=1m

    - The entire line should now look something like this >> dd if=/Users/chris/Desktop/Volumio1.55PI.img of=/dev/disk1 bs=1m

    - Hit Enter on your keyboard and wait for the image to be written to the MicroSD card. This will take several minutes and appear like your computer is stuck. Please wait for the command to finish.

    - Once the image has been written to the MicroSD card the Terminal window will list something like this.

    3781+1 records in

    3781+1 records out

    3965190144 bytes transferred in 2489.137016 secs

    - If you receive an error message stating "Resource busy" (Image Link ex.png) you likely skipped step 2. Please unmount the volume and try again.

    - Open Disk Utility (Applications > Utilities > Disk Utility), select the MicroSd card, click Eject or Eject Disk via the right-click menu.

    - Place the MicroSD card into the Raspberry Pi's MicroSD card slot.

    - Connect an Ethernet cable to the board or put the Wi-Pi USB wireless card into a USB port, and your USB DAC to a USB port and connect the power supply.

    - The Raspberry Pi will boot up into the Volumio operating system and will be ready for the final configuration for optimal audio output.

    - Wait a few minutes for the Raspberry Pi to boot, then open a web browser such as Safari, Chrome, or Firefox and go to http://volumio.local . If the Volumio web page for your device doesn't appear, I recommend typing in the IP address of the raspberry Pi. To find the IP address I recommend using the LanScan application from the App Store Link ex.png. Please leave a comment below if you get stuck at this step.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Step-By-Step Windows (All Devices)

     

    - Connect the MicroSD card to the computer

    - Install Win32 Disk Image Link ex.png

    - Download the image file from Volumio (HERE ex.png).

    - Right-click the downloaded Volumio image file named Volumio1.55PI.img.zip. Select Extract All (you may have to click Next after this). This will extract the image file named Volumio1.55PI.img into a folder with the same name Volumio1.55PI.img.

    - Open Win32 Disk Imager

    - Make sure the MicroSD card drive letter is selected under Device (Image Link ex.png)

    - Select the small folder to the left of the Device drive letter and browse to the file previously extracted named Volumio1.55PI.img. Don't select the .zip compressed file.

    - Click the Write button and Yes to any popup questions.

    - Eject the MicroSd card when Win32 Disk Imager finishes writing the image.

    - Place the MicroSD card into the Raspberry Pi's MicroSD card slot.

    - Connect an Ethernet cable to the board or put the Wi-Pi USB wireless card into a USB port, and your USB DAC to a USB port and connect the power supply.

    - The Raspberry Pi will boot up into the Volumio operating system and will be ready for the final configuration for optimal audio output.

    - Wait a few minutes for the Raspberry Pi to boot, then open a web browser such as Internet Explorer, Spartan, Chrome, or Firefox and go to http://volumio.local . If the Volumio web page for your device doesn't appear, I recommend typing in the IP address of the raspberry Pi. To find the IP address I recommend using the Advanced IP Scanner application Link ex.png. Please leave a comment below if you get stuck at this step.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Device 1 Configuration - Digital audio output via coaxial RCA or optical TosLink

     

    - Open the Volumio web interface in your web browser

    - Select Menu in the upper right, then select System

    - On the System page you can enter a unique name for the device is desired.

    - On this page you can also enable AirPlay and Spotify

    - Scroll down to the section labeled I2S Driver, click the down arrow, select Hifiberry Digi, then click Apply

    - Reboot the device by Menu > Turn Off > Reboot

    - Reopen the Volumio web interface, select Menu > Playback

    - On this page you can set different volume options, DSD options, and resampling options.

    - Under the section labeled Audio Output click the down arrow and select sndrpihifiberry, then click Save Changes

    - By default the Raspberry Pi will now be capable of accepting audio as a UPnP / DLNA / openHome renderer and sending audio out the digital audio output via coaxial RCA or optical TosLink

     

    Optional Steps

     

    - For wireless configuration select Menu > Network, scroll down to Wireless Connection. Please note that the network name must be broadcast (Can't be a hidden network SSID). Enter the pertinent details and reboot.

     

    - Adding a USB disk or NAS drive is done by selecting Menu > Library

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Device 2 Configuration - Analog audio output via RCA

     

    - Open the Volumio web interface in your web browser

    - Select Menu in the upper right, then select System

    - On the System page you can enter a unique name for the device is desired.

    - On this page you can also enable AirPlay and Spotify

    - Scroll down to the section labeled I2S Driver, click the down arrow, select Hifiberry +, then click Apply

    - Reboot the device by Menu > Turn Off > Reboot

    - Reopen the Volumio web interface, select Menu > Playback

    - On this page you can set different volume options, DSD options, and resampling options.

    - Under the section labeled Audio Output click the down arrow and select sndrpihifiberry, then click Save Changes

    - By default the Raspberry Pi will now be capable of accepting audio as a UPnP / DLNA / openHome renderer and sending audio out the analog audio output via RCA

     

    Optional Steps

     

    - For wireless configuration select Menu > Network, scroll down to Wireless Connection. Please note that the network name must be broadcast (Can't be a hidden network SSID). Enter the pertinent details and reboot.

     

    - Adding a USB disk or NAS drive is done by selecting Menu > Library

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Device 3 Configuration - USB or HDMI output

     

    - Open the Volumio web interface in your web browser

    - Select Menu in the upper right, then select System

    - On the System page you can enter a unique name for the device is desired.

    - On this page you can also enable AirPlay and Spotify

    - Select Menu > Playback

    - On this page you can set different volume options, DSD options, and resampling options.

    - Under the section labeled Audio Output click the down arrow and select your USB DAC or ALSA, then click Save Changes

    - By default the Raspberry Pi will now be capable of accepting audio as a UPnP / DLNA / openHome renderer and sending audio out the USB or HDMI output

     

    Optional Steps

     

    - For wireless configuration select Menu > Network, scroll down to Wireless Connection. Please note that the network name must be broadcast (Can't be a hidden network SSID). Enter the pertinent details and reboot.

     

    - Adding a USB disk or NAS drive is done by selecting Menu > Library

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Wrap-up

     

    The Volumio web interface is great for browsing the options and trying different configurations without the requirement of Linux knowledge. I encourage everyone to snoop around and try items such as the Sound Quality Tweaks listed on the System menu. As usual please let me know if there are any errors in the above instructions and leave comments, questions, or concerns below.

     

     

     

     

     

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    This is so cool! Thanks Chris! -Paul

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    When you consider the Pi2 with the HifiBerry boards, use the Case that HifiBerry offers. That case comes with two versions of one end panel: one for the Dac+ and one for the Digi+. IQaudIO (another I2S DAC source) sell a case for their board combinations. The HifiBerry case makes for a tidy installation. (It's what I have). If you are going to use option 3, all you need is the case for the Pi2 itself. There are a lot of those on offer. Some refs:

     

     

    Raspberry Pi in Canada | Raspberry Pi and accessories in Canada

    Raspberry Pi – Cameron Tech

    IQaudIO | High quality Raspberry Pi Audio including Audiophile 24/192 sound card and amplifiers [Audio DAC, Audio AMP] for the Raspberry Pi. audio out, audio card, audio projects, maker hacker market available on tindie.com

     

    Hope this helps,

     

    Skip

     

     

     

    Got mine on order already. Going with option 3 and will use my old Dragonfly DAC which isn't getting my love recently. Intrigued by the other options which I can always move to at some point if I want to but didn't see any cases available. There are lots of cases available for the plain Raspberry Pi but not for the Raspberry Pi with the add-on boards. Anyone know of any cases that will accommodate these?

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    Good, fun looking project, thanks! And funnest thing about it is it isn't going to break the bank like a lot of recommendations I see here! I can already see where I might want 6, or 7 of them...

     

    So, do you think the Pi with a few TB of disk [uSB connection I guess] and a wireless connection [another USB device] could handle itself as a DLNA server/NAS? And in our house it would need to handle 1080 video and 24 bit/192 kHz audio.

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    So, do you think the Pi with a few TB of disk [uSB connection I guess] and a wireless connection [another USB device] could handle itself as a DLNA server/NAS? And in our house it would need to handle 1080 video and 24 bit/192 kHz audio.

    Hi John - You may be pushing it a bit with those requirements, but one never knows until one tries something.

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    Good, fun looking project, thanks! And funnest thing about it is it isn't going to break the bank like a lot of recommendations I see here! I can already see where I might want 6, or 7 of them...

     

    So, do you think the Pi with a few TB of disk [uSB connection I guess] and a wireless connection [another USB device] could handle itself as a DLNA server/NAS? And in our house it would need to handle 1080 video and 24 bit/192 kHz audio.

     

    Serving and playback, the pi will have no issue with any of that. It WILL fall down if you ask too much of the usb/ network connectors as a nas though. Especially since loading a file over USB + sending via network (also uses the USB bandwidth) will use one bus.

     

    That said, it depends on bitrates. 1080p + flac shouldn't saturate the bus even simultaniously. If you expect at most 1 1080 stream at anytime it would do fine, though.

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    "one never knows until one tries something"

    Absolutely right... I will give it a try, don't hold your breath for a report though, as I keep telling them at work "i'm not very good but I am very slow!"

    "It WILL fall down if you ask too much of the usb/ network connectors as a nas though."

    Do I have any other options with the Pi? I am not thinking that eSATA or SCSI are viable options...

     

    thanks - John

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    Do I have any other options with the Pi? I am not thinking that eSATA or SCSI are viable options...

     

    thanks - John

     

    Not with the pi, no. But the number of arm based mini computers is mind boggling and some of them can handle 4-8 usb hdd's being used to send data over gigabit interfaces comfortsbly, even transcoded if needed.

     

    As I said before though, I wouldn't put money on a pi2 either way. It may surprise both of us and be perfectly fine with the task at hand.

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    Hello, I am brand new to computer audio. What exactly is Raspberry pi?

     

    Raspberry Pi is an SBC (Single Board Computer), small enough to fit on the palm of your hand.

    It runs Linux. There are many distributions available, some of them are pre-built to act as media servers and players - boot and go, no Linux knowledge required.

     

    Read here: https://www.raspberrypi.org/

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    I am interested to hear any experiences with the Hifiberry 20W Class D amp module.

    https://www.hifiberry.com/ampplus/

     

    That would be a nice compact pairing with the Klipsch speakers that I use in the living room if the power is sufficient to drive these speakers. Now experimenting with the BBB from the earlier article, running into a Decco2 then the speakers. It would be great to replace the Decco2 with something compact that would have similar SQ, so the Raspherry Pi with AMP+ look appealing.

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    so, if you have already built the Beaglebone streamer, does this sound any better?

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    Raspberry Pi is an SBC (Single Board Computer), small enough to fit on the palm of your hand.

    It runs Linux. There are many distributions available, some of them are pre-built to act as media servers and players - boot and go, no Linux knowledge required.

     

    Read here: https://www.raspberrypi.org/

     

    Thank you. So they are built to be media servers... is the quality pretty good?

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    Very interesting. I have an aries and just ordered the uptone regen last week. I'd love someone to match the raspberry pi hifi to the regen!

    Or maybe a frankenstein version of both?

    thequietman

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    Very interesting. I have an aries and just ordered the uptone regen last week. I'd love someone to match the raspberry pi hifi to the regen!

    Or maybe a frankenstein version of both?

    thequietman

     

    The Regen should just plug in and work with the the Pi 2. I'm eager to hear how that works, particularly connected to in ifi iDSD (Nano or Micro). According to much I've read, the ethernet and USB connections on any of the Pi's (old and new) share and can degrade one another. I use the ethernet to connect to my NAS or to an LMS server, and am currently using the I2S->HifiBerry Digi+ to avoid using both USB and ethernet at the same time. Maybe the added performance of the Pi 2 along with the apparent curative powers of the Regen could give me an opportunity to have a high-quality, affordable DSD setup.

     

    Skip

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    hmm, in building this, I note that the Volumio site also has an install for the Beaglebone Black so I'm going to try this for a fair side by side comparison. They also seem to think the "Udoo" board is better than either for audio using Volumio (~$115 with wifi). Wasn't satisfied with the Beaglebone as originally built because it rounded transients, didn't support the AQ Dragonfly, hopefully different results using Volumio. Getting closer to goal, a portable brick combo for headphone streaming (5v battery+ streamer+USB DAC/headphone amp)

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    Thanks guys for sharing your experiences. Does the pi have wifi or Ethernet only? I would want to connect to streaming services and a usb dac. I'm thinking it could be a great streamer. It would be great for any diy members to share pictures/ experience of builds, covers, software . I thought about the Frankenstein combination of pi and regen to avoid multiple cables , maybe even a solid adapter into a DAC.

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    so some observations

     

    1) much prefer the sound of my two devices (AQ Dragonfly or iFi Nano) plugged into the USB out of the Synology NAS... greater air and bass integrity... however thats not portable

    2) the Raspberry Pi is under powered CPU...can't handle fixed rate conversions without dropouts. It does behave well with the Dragonfly if bit rate is 96khz or less and volume control works. Conversely it doesn't behave well with the iFi Nano, pops and ticks. Using the Ankar battery for portability seems cleaner than USB power adaptor and battery drain is slow

    3) the Beaglebone is rock solid with the iFi Nano but fails with the Dragonfly, volume control won't work. Can't say that I enjoy the Beaglebone, sound is dulled, guitar strings go "thunk" instead of "pluck". Pity as the beaglebone CPU behaves well.

     

    Hopefully somone else will speak up about using a USB headphone DAC that does do 192khz problem free with the Raspberry Pi... seems the Pi will transcode

    down from 192khz automatically but that causes pops.

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    so some observations

     

    1) much prefer the sound of my two devices (AQ Dragonfly or iFi Nano) plugged into the USB out of the Synology NAS... greater air and bass integrity... however thats not portable

    2) the Raspberry Pi is under powered CPU...can't handle fixed rate conversions without dropouts. It does behave well with the Dragonfly if bit rate is 96khz or less and volume control works. Conversely it doesn't behave well with the iFi Nano, pops and ticks. Using the Ankar battery for portability seems cleaner than USB power adaptor and battery drain is slow

    3) the Beaglebone is rock solid with the iFi Nano but fails with the Dragonfly, volume control won't work. Can't say that I enjoy the Beaglebone, sound is dulled, guitar strings go "thunk" instead of "pluck". Pity as the beaglebone CPU behaves well.

     

    Hopefully somone else will speak up about using a USB headphone DAC that does do 192khz problem free with the Raspberry Pi... seems the Pi will transcode

    down from 192khz automatically but that causes pops.

    Just to clarify David ... are you talking about the Raspberry Pi or the new Pi2 when you say about problems with rate conversion?

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    raspberry Pi B+.... I'm guessing from the question and Amazon now that I should have been looking for the Pi 2? Drat, ordered, will see if it behaves better

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    Thanks for the great write-up. I have been playing with Volumio and RPi2 and liked the result a lot - got distracted for a while with using it as a KODI player, but want to move back to a pure audio solution using a DAC. I have been using it with the Hifimediy android dac (using an usb adapter which creates a cheap flexible solution for both phone and the RPI2), but now looking for an upgrade and trying to decide if going to i2S dac vs a USB dac. Any input audio quality on using either i2S or USB?

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    Yes, a special case is needed if you use an add-on board.

     

     

    Any recommendations on resampling using HiFi Berry?

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    David - the problem you are seeing might be related to using a USB D/A converter. Give the Hifiberry DAC+ or Digi (if you want to use a separate D/A converter) a try as they use I2S and are therefore not resource restricted as the USB bus is. I use my Raspberry Pi B + Hifiberry DAC (running Raspian Wheezy and Squeezelite) with WMA lossless / FLAC files and have never had a dropout.

     

    Also, it appears that using wireless via USB dongle results in less CPU overhead than the onboard wired NIC (which apparently shares the USB bus as well).

     

    I have a Raspberry Pi 2 sitting on my desk, but haven't tried using it for audio playback as I'm trying out Windows 10 IoT at the moment on it. However, given the hardware specs, you would be less CPU bound with the Pi 2, but still dealing with USB contention as they did not change the USB architecture for the 2 AFAIK.

     

    Best of luck!

     

    -D

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    Hey Now,

     

    Thanks for the instructions on how to do this. I am a complete newb at this and I got things working pretty nice, at least I think it is nice 8^). I did configuration 3 with USB connected to my iFi Nano DSD DAC (I am using the powerline ethernet through electrical outlets). I am getting DSD files into my secondary system with JRMC (v20). I confirmed this by using the SPDIF out to my other DAC which does not do DSD and I get "no signal" when I play DSD files, but when I play PCM, the display displays the sample rate.

     

    I wanted to use my Meridian Explorer (v1) at first, but I could not get it to work. The red light in the 3.5mm SPDIF female connector kept flashing, I am assuming I did not have enough power or something. It didn't work so I tried the Nano and it worked.

     

    So I am set up with a 5K iMac > JRMC > network w/powerline ethernet > Raspberry Pi > iFi Nano > Emotiva RSP-2 preamp > Maggie 88-02 6K6 console pull amp > Omega Super 3Ss w/Outlaw M8 sub and the SPDIF goes into an HK HD990 CD player/DAC via coax then balanced into the RSP-2.

     

    I was having a very difficult time using Airport Express via Airplay to get music in the bedroom on the other side of the house, it is a ranch style. I also have 2 other Airport Expresses set up for Airplay and extending my wifi network between the main listening/computer room and the bedroom. I was having pretty consistent dropouts and couldn't get it resolved. This Raspberry Pi has solved that for me. Thank again!

     

    It sounds very good to my ears. Nice black background, clear highs, no graininess at all. Non-fatiguing. I think I am going to build some more and quit using Airplay 8^).

     

    --

    Finest kind,

    Chris

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    So I am set up with a 5K iMac > JRMC > network w/powerline ethernet > Raspberry Pi > iFi Nano > Emotiva RSP-2 preamp > Maggie 88-02 6K6 console pull amp > Omega Super 3Ss w/Outlaw M8 sub and the SPDIF goes into an HK HD990 CD player/DAC via coax then balanced into the RSP-2.

     

    Chris,

     

    Have you tried DSD128 with this combination? If you get clean play with DSD128, I think I'm ready to jump in that direction.

     

    TIA,

     

    Skip

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    We released a version of JRiver Media Center for ARM (runs on Raspberry Pi 2) yesterday. It's in a thread at the top of our Linux board.

     

    JRiver Media Center for Linux

     

    It's audio only since the processor doesn't have enough power for video.

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    Hey Now Skip,

     

    The only 128DSD files I have are from free downloads from the 2L website. I just listened through them and they sounded very good. No drop outs and very clear.

     

    I was having dropouts using the Airport Express via wifi, they would for drop out for long periods. I got the Powerline ethernet and the long drop outs disappeared, but I kept getting little burps in the transmission, a hiccup, it was still annoying.

     

    The R2Pi has been rock solid for most of today so far. Really enjoying it so far. I also like I can play different playlists in different zones with JRMC.

     

    --

    Finest kind,

    Chris

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